Placental antibody transfer: influence of maternal HIV infection and placental malaria
a Department of Medical Microbiology,
University of Liverpool, PO Box 147, Liverpool L69
3GA, b Department of Immunology, c Department of Paediatrics, Federal University of Sao Paulo,
Sao Paulo, Brazil, d Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, e Department of Paediatrics, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital,
Blantyre, Malawi
Correspondence to: Professor C A Hart Email: cahmm{at}liv.ac.uk
Accepted 23 April 1998
AIM
To determine the influence of placental
malaria, maternal HIV infection, and maternal hypergammaglobulinaemia
on transplacental IgG antibody transfer.
METHODSOne hundred and eighty materno-neonatal
pairs from a Malawian population were assessed. Cord and maternal serum
samples were tested for total serum IgG antibody titres using
nephelometry, and for specific IgG antibody titres to
Streptococcus pneumoniae, measles, and tetanus toxoid
antibodies using an enzyme linked immunsorbent assay (ELISA).
RESULTSMultiple regression analyses showed that
placental malaria was associated with a decrease in placental IgG
antibody transfer to S pneumoniae and measles to 82% and
81%, respectively. Maternal HIV infection was associated with a
reduction in IgG antibody transfer to S pneumoniae to
79%; raised maternal total serum IgG titres were correlated with
S pneumoniae and measles IgG antibody transfer reduction
to 86% and 87%, respectively. No effect was seen with tetanus toxoid
antibody transfer.
CONCLUSIONThe combined influence of placental
malaria, maternal HIV infection, and maternal hypergammaglobulinaemia
seems to be linked to the low transplacental antibody transfer observed
in the Malawian population.
© 1998 by Archives of Disease in Childhood
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