Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2001;84:F106-F110 ( March )

Pulse oximetry, severe retinopathy, and outcome at one year in babies of less than 28 weeks gestation

W Tin^a, D W A Milligan^b, P Pennefather^b, E Hey^b

^a Department of Paediatrics, South Cleveland Hospital, Middlesbrough TS4 3BW, UK, ^b Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, UK

Correspondence to: Dr Tin wtin{at}freenet.co.uk

Accepted 11 November 2000

AIMTo determine whether differing policies with regard to the control of oxygen saturation have any impact on the number of babies who develop retinopathy of prematurity and the number surviving with or without signs of cerebral palsy at one year.
METHODSAn examination of the case notes of all the 295 babies who survived infancy after delivery before 28 weeks gestation in the north of England in 1990-1994.
RESULTSBabies given enough supplemental oxygen to maintain an oxygen saturation of 88-98%, as measured by pulse oximetry, for at least the first 8 weeks of life developed retinopathy of prematurity severe enough to be treated with cryotherapy four times as often as babies only given enough oxygen to maintain an oxygen saturation of 70-90% (27.2% v 6.2%). Surviving babies were also ventilated longer (31.4 v 13.9 days), more likely to be in oxygen at a postmenstrual age of 36 weeks (46% v 18 %), and more likely to have a weight below the third centile at discharge (45% v 17%). There was no difference in the proportion who survived infancy (53% v 52%) or who later developed cerebral palsy (17% v 15%). The lowest incidence of retinopathy in the study was associated with a policy that made little use of arterial lines.
CONCLUSIONSAttempts to keep oxygen saturation at a normal "physiological" level may do more harm than good in babies of less than 28 weeks gestation.


Keywords: prematurity; retinopathy of prematurity; cerebral palsy; oxygen saturation; pulse oximetry

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© 2001 by Archives of Disease in Childhood
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