Minor neurological signs and perceptual-motor difficulties in prematurely born children
- aDepartment of Psychology and Special Needs, Institute of Education, University of London, bDepartment of Paediatrics and Neonatology, Hammersmith Hospital, London, cDepartment of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Sheila Henderson, Department of Psychology and Special Needs, Institute of Education, London WC1H OAA.
- Accepted 1 October 1996
Abstract
AIM To examine the spectrum of neurological dysfunction and perceptual-motor difficulties at school age in a cohort of prematurely born children, and the relation of these measures to neonatal brain lesions, intelligence quotient, and behavioural adjustment.
METHOD One hundred and eighty three children were tested at the age of 6 years using Touwen’s Examination of the Child with Minor Neurological Dysfunction, the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (Movement ABC), the Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration (VMI), British Ability Scales, and Rutter Scales.
RESULTS Twenty six children had definite cerebral palsy and one was blind. Of the remaining 156, the proportions falling below the 15th centile point were 31% on Touwen’s Examination, 44% on the Movement ABC, and 17% on the VMI. Forty two passed all three tests. No child with a normal ultrasound scan developed cerebral palsy, whereas nearly all those with major lesions did. Minor lesions, however, were not generally predictive of later outcome. Correlations between the tests were generally low.
CONCLUSIONS These findings stress the need to assess neurological and perceptual motor functioning separately at school age and to monitor relationships with other aspects of development.
Footnotes
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This study was made possible by grants from the Medical Research Council, the Nuffield Foundation, and Action Research. We thank the children, parents, and teachers who so willingly and enthusiastically cooperated with us. We also thank the Thomas Coram Research Unit for allowing us to use some of their data.
