Table 1
Summary of infants with punctate lesions
| MRI and characterisation of punctate lesions | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Distribution | ||||||||||||||||||
| Perinatal | Ant region | Mid region | Post region | Follow up | ||||||||||||||
| Patients | Sex | Antenatal | GA (weeks) | Weight (g) | Delivery | Neonatal events | Age (days) | Number | Appearance | U | B | U | B | U | B | Associated lesions | Age at last exam (months) | Neurological outcome |
| (A) Preterm infants with isolated punctate lesions; (B) preterm infants with punctate lesions and associated major brain damage; (C) term infants with punctate lesions. F, female; M, male; N, normal; IUGR, intrauterine growth retardation; GA, gestational age; SVD, spontaneous vaginal delivery; EmCS, emergency caesarean section; ElCS, elective caesarean section; NA, not available; CUS, cranial ultrasound; IVH, intraventricular haemorrhage; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; U, unilateral; B, bilateral; PVL, periventricular leucomalacia. | ||||||||||||||||||
| A | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | M | Hypothyroidium | 28 | 1220 | SVD | Ventilated 3 days | 7 | >10 | Mixed | + | + | – | 14 | N | ||||
| 3 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 2 | M | Premature rupture of membranes | 32 | 2130 | SVD | Ventilated 2 days | 3 | >10 | Linear | + | + | Oedema | 23 | N | ||||
| 3 | F | N | 28 | 1110 | ElCS | Ventilated 2 days Colonic perforation | 82 | >10 | Linear | + | Oedema | 18 | N | |||||
| 4 | F | N | 30 | 1700 | SVD | Ventilated 3 hours CUS day 2: IVH grade IIb | 9 | 3–10 | Linear | + | Oedema | 25 | Discrete delay in language | |||||
| 5 | M | Polyhydramnion | 36 | 2540 | SVD | Collapse due to atrial tachycardia Hypothyroidism | 13 | 3–10 | Cluster | + | – | 20 | N | |||||
| 6 | M | Pre-eclampsia IUGR | 27 | 580 | EmCS | CUS day 2: IVH grade IIb Hypotension | 44 | <3 | Cluster | + | Oedema | 23 | N | |||||
| 7 | F | Hypertension | 31 | 1360 | EmCS | Ventilated 2 days | 7 | <3 | Cluster | + | – | 22 | N | |||||
| 8 | F | Hypertension IUGR | 34 | 1260 | ElCS | Resuscitation at birth | 2 | <3 | Cluster | + | – | 18 | N | |||||
| B | ||||||||||||||||||
| 9 | M | N | 35 | 1875 | SVD | Perforated necrotising enterocolitis | 27 | >10 | Cluster | + | + | Cerebellar hemorrhage | 16 | N | ||||
| 10 | M | N | 30 | 1320 | SVD | Ventilated 1 day CUS day 7: bilateral PVL | 13 | >10 | Linear | + | + | + | Cystic PVL | – | Died | |||
| CUS day 7: bilateral PVL | ||||||||||||||||||
| 11 | F | N | 29 | 1150 | EmCS | CUS day 2: IVH grade IIb | 26 | >10 | Linear | + | + | Cystic PVL | 15 | Cerebral palsy | ||||
| 12 | M | Gestational diabetes | 36 | 3960 | EmCS | Resuscitation at birth | 12 | >10 | Mixed | + | + | + | Basal ganglia emorrhage | 19 | N | |||
| 13 | M | Discordant twins | 30 | 1200 | EmCS | CUS week 2: bilateral PVL | 29 | >10 | Linear | + | + | Cystic PVL | 20 | Cerebral palsy | ||||
| 14 | M | IUGR | 33 | 1200 | EmCS | CUS day 1: IVH grade IIb | 18 | 3–10 | Mixed | + | + | Cystic PVL | 16 | Cerebral palsy | ||||
| Left renal vein thrombosis | 25 | – | – | |||||||||||||||
| 15 | M | N | 33 | 3430 | SVD | Fits day 13 due to herpetic encephalitis | 19 | 3–10 | Cluster | + | Herpetic encephalitis | 26 | Cerebral palsy Epilepsy | |||||
| C | ||||||||||||||||||
| 16 | F | N | 40 | 3025 | SVD | Incontinentia pigmenti Fits day 5, EEG normal | 51 | >10 | Cluster | + | – | 24 | N | |||||
| 17 | F | N | 40 | 3055 | SVD | CUS day 1: subarachnoid | 6 | <3 | Cluster | + | Subarachnoid | 15 | N | |||||
| haemorrhage | 34 | – | – | haemorrhage | ||||||||||||||
