Table 4
Adjusted OR‡ and 95% CI of CNS/ANS signs
| EXP (CO or OP) | Confirmed CO | Confirmed OP | Confirmed OP+CO† | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | p value | OR (95% CI) | p value | OR (95% CI) | p value | OR (95% CI) | p value | |
| Groups: exposed (EXP), and confirmed cocaine (CO) only, opiates (OP) only, and opiates + cocaine (OP+CO) exposure. | ||||||||
| *Odds ratios from univariate analysis (too few cases for inclusion in multivariate models). | ||||||||
| †No interaction between cocaine and opiates and OR estimated from OR for cocaine multiplied by OR from opiate exposure. | ||||||||
| ‡OR and 95% CI were adjusted for covariates (see text) including levels of tobacco and alcohol. | ||||||||
| – zero prevalence, OR cannot be calculated. | ||||||||
| Jitteriness | 2.9 (2.4 to 5.8) | <0.0001 | 2.4 (1.9 to 3.1) | <0.0001 | 5.3 (2.8 to 10.1) | <0.0001 | 12.7 (5.1 to 31.3) | <0.0001 |
| Irritability | 2.6 (2.1 to 3.3) | <0.0001 | 2.0 (1.5 to 2.6) | <0.0001 | 3.5 (2.4 to 5.0) | <0.0001 | 6.9 (3.7 to 12.8) | <0.0001 |
| High pitched cry | 2.4 (1.7 to 3.5) | <0.0001 | 1.6 (1.0 to 2.6) | 0.05 | 4.6 (2.7 to 7.9) | <0.0001 | 7.4 (2.7 to 20.3) | <0.0001 |
| Hypertonia | 3.7 (2.4 to 3.6) | <0.0001 | 1.9 (1.1 to 3.4) | 0.03 | 5.3 (2.8 to 10.1) | <0.0001 | 10.1 (2.9 to 34.6) | <0.0001 |
| Hyperalertness | 13.1 (5.3 to 32.7) | <0.0001* | 8.6 (2.9 to 25.6) | <0.0002* | 10.6 (1.3 to 87.4) | <0.0001* | 58.1 (18.1 to 186.7) | <0.0001* |
| Hyperactive | 4.4 (1.9 to 10.5) | <0.0001* | 1.7 (0.5 to 5.6) | NS* | 18.3 (6.1 to 55.1) | <0.0001* | 22.6 (8.2 to 62.1) | <0.0001* |
| Difficult to console | 2.6 (1.6 to 4.1) | <0.0001 | 1.7 (1.0 to 3.0) | 0.06 | 3.7 (1.9 to 7.1) | <0.0001 | 6.2 (1.8 to 21.1) | <0.0001 |
| Difficult to arouse | 2.7 (1.2 to 6.4) | <0.0001* | 3.3 (1.6 to 7.1) | <0.0001* | – | – | 2.9 (0.4 to 21.4) | NS* |
| Excessive suck | 4.6 (2.9 to 7.2) | <0.0001 | 3.0 (1.8 to 5.0) | <0.0001 | 5.7 (3.1 to 10.3) | <0.0001 | 16.8 (5.5 to 51.2) | <0.0001 |
| Poor suck | 1.4 (1.02 to 2.03) | <0.04 | 1.2 (0.8 to 1.8) | NS | 0.8 (0.4 to 1.8) | NS | 1.0 (0.3 to 3.3) | NS |
| Nasal stuffiness | 1.5 (1.02 to 2.3) | <0.05 | 1.5 (1.0 to 2.4) | 0.05 | 1.5 (0.7 to 2.9) | NS | 2.3 (0.7 to 6.9) | NS |
| Sneezing | 1.2 (0.8 to 1.7) | NS | 0.9 (0.6 to 1.4) | NS | 1.6 (0.9 to 2.9) | 0.09 | 1.5 (0.6 to 4.1) | NS |
| Constellation/syndrome of CNS/ANS signs | 2.3 (1.9 to 2.8) | <0.0001 | 1.7 (1.4 to 2.2) | <0.0001 | 2.8 (2.1 to 3.7) | <0.0001 | 4.8 (2.9 to 7.9) | <0.0001 |
