Should euthanasia be legal? An international survey of neonatal intensive care units staff
- M Cuttini1,
- V Casotto1,
- M Kaminski2,
- I de Beaufort3,
- I Berbik4,
- G Hansen5,
- L Kollée6,
- A Kucinskas7,
- S Lenoir8,
- A Levin9,
- M Orzalesi10,
- J Persson11,
- M Rebagliato12,
- M Reid13,
- R Saracci14,
- and other members of the EURONIC Study Group
- 1Unit of Epidemiology, Burlo Garofolo Institute, Trieste and Tuscany Agency for Health, Florence, Italy
- 2Epidemiological Research Unit on Perinatal and Women’s Health, INSERM U149, Villejuif, France
- 3Department of Medical Ethics, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- 4Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Vaszary Kolos Hospital, Esztergom, Hungary
- 5Department of Pediatrics, Martin Luther University, Halle, Germany
- 6Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- 7Neonatal Clinic, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
- 8Unit of Research on Reproduction, INSERM CJF 89 08, Toulouse, France
- 9Newborn and Premature Children’s Department, Tallinn Hospital, Tallinn, Estonia
- 10Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
- 11Center for Medical Technology Assessment, Department of Health and Environment, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- 12Department of Public Health, Miguel Hernandez University, Alicante, Spain
- 13Department of Public Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
- 14Division of Epidemiology, IFC, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence to:
Dr Cuttini
Unit of Epidemiology, Burlo Garofolo Institute, Trieste and Tuscany Agency for Health, Florence, Italy; marina.cuttiniarsanita.toscana.it
Abstract
Objective: To present the views of a representative sample of neonatal doctors and nurses in 10 European countries on the moral acceptability of active euthanasia and its legal regulation.
Design: A total of 142 neonatal intensive care units were recruited by census (in the Netherlands, Sweden, Hungary, and the Baltic countries) or random sampling (in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom); 1391 doctors and 3410 nurses completed an anonymous questionnaire (response rates 89% and 86% respectively).
Main outcome measure: The staff opinion that the law in their country should be changed to allow active euthanasia “more than now”.
Results: Active euthanasia appeared to be both acceptable and practiced in the Netherlands, France, and to a lesser extent Lithuania, and less acceptable in Sweden, Hungary, Italy, and Spain. More then half (53%) of the doctors in the Netherlands, but only a quarter (24%) in France felt that the law should be changed to allow active euthanasia “more than now”. For 40% of French doctors, end of life issues should not be regulated by law. Being male, regular involvement in research, less than six years professional experience, and having ever participated in a decision of active euthanasia were positively associated with an opinion favouring relaxation of legal constraints. Having had children, religiousness, and believing in the absolute value of human life showed a negative association. Nurses were slightly more likely to consider active euthanasia acceptable in selected circumstances, and to feel that the law should be changed to allow it more than now.
Conclusions: Opinions of health professionals vary widely between countries, and, even where neonatal euthanasia is already practiced, do not uniformly support its legalisation.
Footnotes
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Other members of the EURONIC Study Group: A. Duguet, M. Garel (France); G. Brõlz-Voit, G. Hansen, C. Kopp, H.G. Lenard (Germany); J. Harwood, M. Hills, H. McHaffie, (United Kingdom); P. Benciolini, P. Cendon, S. Nordio, S. Spinsanti, U. de Vonderweid (Italy); R. Mousty, M. Schroell (Luxembourg); I. Hankes Drielsma, R. de Leeuw, L. Randag (the Netherlands); J. Diez, J. Peris Peris (Spain); E. Andlert, B. Wennergren (Sweden).
