Table 2
Diagnostic markers of infection for preterm and newborn infants
| Haematological tests | ||
| Total white blood cell count | ||
| Total neutrophil count | ||
| Immature neutrophil count | ||
| Immature/total neutrophil ratio | ||
| Neutrophil morphology: vacuolisation, toxic granulations, Döhle bodies, intracellular bacteria | ||
| Platelet count | ||
| Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) | ||
| d-dimer | ||
| Fibrinogen | ||
| Thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT) | ||
| Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) | ||
| Plasminogen tissue activator (tPA) | ||
| Acute phase proteins and other proteins | ||
| α1 Antitrypsin | ||
| C Reactive protein (CRP) | ||
| Fibronectin | ||
| Haptoglobin | ||
| Lactoferrin | ||
| Neopterin | ||
| Orosomucoid | ||
| Procalcitonin (PCT) | ||
| Components of the complement system | ||
| C3a-desArg | ||
| C3bBbP | ||
| sC5b-9 | ||
| Chemokines, cytokines and adhesion molecules | ||
| Interleukin (IL)1β, IL1ra, IL2, sIL2R, IL4, IL5, IL6, IL8, IL10 | ||
| Tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα), 11sTNFR-p55, 12sTNFR-p75 | ||
| Interferon γ (IFNγ) | ||
| E-selectin | ||
| L-selectin | ||
| Soluble intracellular adhesion moleucule-1 (sICAM-1) | ||
| Vascular cell | ||
| adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) | ||
| Cell surface markers | ||
| Neutrophil | Lymphocyte | Monocyte |
| CD11b | CD3 | HLA-DR |
| CD11c | CD19 | |
| CD13 | CD25 | |
| CD15 | CD26 | |
| CD33 | CD45RO | |
| CD64 | CD69 | |
| CD66b | CD71 | |
| Others | ||
| Lactate | ||
| Micro-erythrocyte sedimentation | ||
| Superoxide anion (respiratory burst) | ||
