Table 4
Congenital anomaly subgroups by region, number, and prevalence per 10 000 registered births
| Congenital anomaly†‡ | Glasgow | Northern | North Thames West | Wessex | Oxford | No. of cases resulting in a termination (%) | Total | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | Rate¶ | No. | Rate | No. | Rate | No. | Rate | No. | Rate | |||
| AVSD, atrial ventricular septal defect. | ||||||||||||
| *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001. | ||||||||||||
| †Includes live births, stillbirths, fetal deaths from 20 weeks gestation, and terminations of pregnancy. | ||||||||||||
| ‡Some cases had more than one anomaly. | ||||||||||||
| §‘Non-chromosomal’ includes the anomalies cited plus anophthalmos, microphthalmos, absence of auricle/ear, microtia, chondrodystrophy, osteodystrophies, | ||||||||||||
| ¶Per 10 000 registered births. | ||||||||||||
| ††Including five cases of submucous cleft palate. | ||||||||||||
| ‡‡Excluding 30 non-postcoded cleft palate cases, some of which would have resided in the study wards. | ||||||||||||
| Non-chromosomal (total)§ | 865 | 109.1 | 3084 | 99.6 | 1874 | 69.5 | 982 | 72.5 | 333 | 73.1 | 1811 (25.4) | 7138*** |
| Nervous system | 181 | 22.8 | 639 | 20.6 | 499 | 18.5 | 260 | 19.2 | 80 | 17.6 | 1177 (70.9) | 1659 |
| Neural tube defects | 136 | 17.2 | 484 | 15.6 | 332 | 12.3 | 171 | 12.6 | 54 | 11.9 | 957 (81.3) | 1177*** |
| Anencephalus and similar | 55 | 6.9 | 220 | 7.1 | 153 | 5.7 | 85 | 6.3 | 27 | 5.9 | 483 (89.4) | 540 |
| Spina bifida | 63 | 7.9 | 220 | 7.1 | 141 | 5.2 | 71 | 5.2 | 25 | 5.5 | 384 (73.8) | 520** |
| Hydrocephaly | 36 | 4.5 | 126 | 4.1 | 121 | 4.5 | 70 | 5.2 | 25 | 5.5 | 177 (46.8) | 378 |
| Congenital heart disease | 275 | 34.7 | 1226 | 39.6 | 429 | 15.9 | 283 | 20.9 | 112 | 24.6 | 254 (10.9) | 2323*** |
| Anomalies of cardiac chambers | 57 | 7.2 | 200 | 6.5 | 122 | 4.5 | 80 | 5.9 | 18 | 4.0 | 53 (11.1) | 477** |
| Transposition of great vessels | 45 | 5.7 | 122 | 3.9 | 76 | 2.8 | 43 | 3.2 | 14 | 3.1 | 18 (6.0) | 300** |
| Malformations of cardiac septa | 132 | 16.7 | 400 | 12.9 | 142 | 5.3 | 65 | 4.8 | 23 | 5.1 | 78 (10.3) | 760*** |
| AVSD | 4 | 0.5 | 55 | 1.8 | 29 | 1.1 | 25 | 1.8 | 1 | 0.2 | 28 (24.8) | 113** |
| Tetralogy of Fallot | 31 | 3.9 | 96 | 3.1 | 26 | 1.0 | 20 | 1.5 | 9 | 2.0 | 12 (6.6) | 181*** |
| Malformations of valves | 87 | 11.0 | 565 | 18.3 | 164 | 6.1 | 70 | 5.2 | 59 | 13.0 | 144 (15.2) | 945*** |
| Hypoplastic left heart | 14 | 1.8 | 72 | 2.3 | 65 | 2.4 | 37 | 2.7 | 7 | 1.5 | 83 (42.6) | 195 |
| Malformation of great arteries and veins | 133 | 16.8 | 290 | 9.4 | 145 | 5.4 | 111 | 8.2 | 50 | 11.0 | 53 (7.3) | 728*** |
| Coarctation of aorta | 21 | 2.6 | 101 | 3.3 | 34 | 1.3 | 33 | 2.4 | 15 | 3.3 | 10 (4.9) | 204*** |
| Cleft lip with/without palate | 77 | 9.7 | 220 | 7.1 | 237 | 8.8 | 108 | 8.0 | 36 | 7.9 | 56 (8.3) | 678 |
| Cleft palate | 55†† | 6.9 | 127 | 4.1 | 126 | 4.7 | 42‡‡ | 3.1 | 12 | 2.6 | 21 (5.8) | 361*** |
| Digestive system | 73 | 9.2 | 205 | 6.6 | 168 | 6.2 | 85 | 6.3 | 13 | 2.9 | 65 (17.8) | 544** |
| Tracheo-oesophageal fistula, oesophageal atresia and stenosis | 25 | 3.2 | 87 | 2.8 | 52 | 1.9 | 33 | 2.4 | 3 | 0.7 | 13 (6.5) | 200* |
| Small intestine atresia | 11 | 1.4 | 50 | 1.6 | 30 | 1.1 | 32 | 2.4 | 5 | 1.1 | 6 (4.7) | 128* |
| Ano-rectal atresia and stenosis | 37 | 4.7 | 68 | 2.2 | 86 | 3.2 | 20 | 1.5 | 5 | 1.1 | 46 (21.3) | 216*** |
| Internal urogenital system: ovaries, uterus, renal | 131 | 16.5 | 379 | 12.2 | 642 | 23.8 | 320 | 23.6 | 38 | 8.3 | 460 (30.5) | 1,507*** |
| Bilateral renal agenesis | 15 | 1.9 | 37 | 1.2 | 33 | 1.2 | 19 | 1.4 | 4 | 0.9 | 73 (67.6) | 108 |
| Cystic kidney disease | 38 | 4.8 | 156 | 5.0 | 152 | 5.6 | 64 | 4.7 | 21 | 4.6 | 102 (23.8) | 429 |
| Limb reduction defects | 60 | 7.6 | 127 | 4.1 | 104 | 3.9 | 46 | 3.4 | 19 | 4.2 | 59 (16.6) | 355*** |
| Miscellaneous | 83 | 10.5 | 294 | 9.5 | 194 | 7.2 | 94 | 6.9 | 23 | 5.1 | 188 (27.3) | 688*** |
| Diaphragmatic hernia | 33 | 4.2 | 102 | 3.3 | 64 | 2.4 | 32 | 2.4 | 7 | 1.5 | 69 (29.0) | 238* |
| Omphalocele | 23 | 2.9 | 69 | 2.2 | 78 | 2.9 | 29 | 2.1 | 8 | 1.8 | 93 (44.9) | 207 |
| Gastroschisis | 25 | 3.2 | 129 | 4.2 | 54 | 2.0 | 31 | 2.3 | 8 | 1.8 | 32 (13.0) | 247*** |
| Multiples | 133 | 16.8 | 332 | 10.7 | 164 | 6.1 | 158 | 11.7 | 36 | 7.9 | 308 (37.4) | 823*** |
| Chromosomal | 229 | 28.9 | 1170 | 37.8 | 1045 | 38.7 | 579 | 42.7 | 178 | 39.1 | 1415 (44.2) | 3201*** |
| Down’s syndrome | 143 | 18.0 | 522 | 16.9 | 584 | 21.6 | 281 | 20.7 | 109 | 23.9 | 716 (43.7) | 1,639*** |
| Trisomy 13 (Patau) | 9 | 1.1 | 51 | 1.6 | 53 | 2.0 | 26 | 1.9 | 14 | 3.1 | 100 (65.4) | 153 |
| Trisomy 18 (Edwards) | 29 | 3.7 | 114 | 3.7 | 135 | 5.0 | 68 | 5.0 | 25 | 5.5 | 244 (65.8) | 371 |
| Other chromosomal anomalies | 50 | 6.3 | 493 | 15.9 | 273 | 10.1 | 203 | 15.0 | 30 | 6.6 | 358 (34.1) | 1,049*** |
| New dominant | 16 | 2.0 | 48 | 1.6 | 34 | 1.3 | 18 | 1.3 | 6 | 1.3 | 49 (40.2) | 122 |
| Syndromes | 35 | 4.4 | 103 | 3.3 | 149 | 5.5 | 85 | 6.3 | 11 | 2.4 | 96 (25.1) | 383*** |
| Total no. of registered births and termination of pregnancy | 79258 | 309460 | 269796 | 135469 | 45538 | 3226/10844 (31.2) | 839521 | |||||
