Nurse staffing in relation to risk-adjusted mortality in neonatal care
- 1National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, UK
- 2University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital and The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
- Correspondence to:
Dr Karen E StC Hamilton
National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford Old Road Campus Headington Oxford, PO OX3 7LF, UK; karen.hamilton{at}npeu.ox.ac.uk
- Accepted 30 October 2006
- Published Online First 6 November 2006
Abstract
Objective: To assess whether risk-adjusted mortality in very low birthweight or preterm infants is associated with levels of nursing provision.
Design: Prospective study of risk-adjusted mortality in infants admitted to a random sample of neonatal units.
Setting: Fifty four UK neonatal intensive care units stratified by: patient volume; consultant availability; nurse:cot ratios.
Patients: A group of 2585 very low birthweight (birthweight <1500 g) or preterm (<31 weeks gestation) infants.
Main Outcome Measure: Death before discharge or planned deaths at home, excluding lethal malformations, after adjusting for initial risk 12 hours after birth using gestation at birth and measures of illness severity in relation to nursing provision calculated for each baby’s neonatal unit stay.
Results: A total of 57% of nursing shifts were understaffed, with greater shortages at weekends. Risk-adjusted mortality was inversely related to the provision of nurses with specialist neonatal qualifications (OR 0.67; 95% CI 0.42 to 0.97). Increasing the ratio of nurses with neonatal qualifications to intensive care and high dependency infants to 1:1 was associated with a decrease in risk-adjusted mortality of 48% (OR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.33, 0.83).
Conclusions: Risk-adjusted mortality did not differ across neonatal units. However, survival in neonatal care for very low birthweight or preterm infants was related to proportion of nurses with neonatal qualifications per shift. The findings could be used to support specific standards of specialist nursing provision in neonatal and other areas of intensive and high dependency care.
Footnotes
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This work was funded by the NHS Research and Development Executive, Mother and Child Health Programme (grant number MCH:6-7). One of the authors (MR) undertook the work at the National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, which is funded by the Department of Health in England. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of Health.
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Competing interests: None
