Effect of parental smoking on cotinine levels in newborns

Abstract

Background: Smoking is a major risk factor for cot death. Many infants smoke passively as a result of parental smoking. We report on infants exposed to a smoking environment and how they accumulate metabolites of cigarette smoke, such as cotinine, which may be physiologically harmful.

Aim: To assess cotinine levels in infants of smoking parents.

Method: 104 infants, of whom 71 were of smoking parents and 33 non-smoking, were assessed for cotinine excretion in urine. All cotinine levels were measured at approximately 12 weeks of age. The subjects were selected from a database of infants in developmental physiological studies, which assessed the impact of various factors on early postnatal development.

Results: On average babies with at least one parent who was a current cigarette smoker excreted 5.58 (95%CI: 3.4 to 9.5) times as much cotinine in the urine as did the babies of non-smoking parents. Maternal smoking was the largest contributing component. Co sleeping and the minimum room temperature were significant contributory factors.

Conclusion: Infants from smoking households, accumulate cotinine, a metabolite of nicotine, which may have a detrimental effect on the cardio respiratory system.